""" Utility functions for sparse matrix module
"""

from __future__ import division, print_function, absolute_import

import operator
import warnings
import numpy as np

__all__ = ['upcast', 'getdtype', 'isscalarlike', 'isintlike',
           'isshape', 'issequence', 'isdense', 'ismatrix', 'get_sum_dtype']

supported_dtypes = ['bool', 'int8', 'uint8', 'short', 'ushort', 'intc',
                    'uintc', 'longlong', 'ulonglong', 'single', 'double',
                    'longdouble', 'csingle', 'cdouble', 'clongdouble']
supported_dtypes = [np.typeDict[x] for x in supported_dtypes]

_upcast_memo = {}


def upcast(*args):
    """Returns the nearest supported sparse dtype for the
    combination of one or more types.

    upcast(t0, t1, ..., tn) -> T  where T is a supported dtype

    Examples
    --------

    >>> upcast('int32')
    <type 'numpy.int32'>
    >>> upcast('bool')
    <type 'numpy.bool_'>
    >>> upcast('int32','float32')
    <type 'numpy.float64'>
    >>> upcast('bool',complex,float)
    <type 'numpy.complex128'>

    """

    t = _upcast_memo.get(hash(args))
    if t is not None:
        return t

    upcast = np.find_common_type(args, [])

    for t in supported_dtypes:
        if np.can_cast(upcast, t):
            _upcast_memo[hash(args)] = t
            return t

    raise TypeError('no supported conversion for types: %r' % (args,))


def upcast_char(*args):
    """Same as `upcast` but taking dtype.char as input (faster)."""
    t = _upcast_memo.get(args)
    if t is not None:
        return t
    t = upcast(*map(np.dtype, args))
    _upcast_memo[args] = t
    return t


def upcast_scalar(dtype, scalar):
    """Determine data type for binary operation between an array of
    type `dtype` and a scalar.
    """
    return (np.array([0], dtype=dtype) * scalar).dtype


def downcast_intp_index(arr):
    """
    Down-cast index array to np.intp dtype if it is of a larger dtype.

    Raise an error if the array contains a value that is too large for
    intp.
    """
    if arr.dtype.itemsize > np.dtype(np.intp).itemsize:
        if arr.size == 0:
            return arr.astype(np.intp)
        maxval = arr.max()
        minval = arr.min()
        if maxval > np.iinfo(np.intp).max or minval < np.iinfo(np.intp).min:
            raise ValueError("Cannot deal with arrays with indices larger "
                             "than the machine maximum address size "
                             "(e.g. 64-bit indices on 32-bit machine).")
        return arr.astype(np.intp)
    return arr


def to_native(A):
    return np.asarray(A, dtype=A.dtype.newbyteorder('native'))


def getdtype(dtype, a=None, default=None):
    """Function used to simplify argument processing.  If 'dtype' is not
    specified (is None), returns a.dtype; otherwise returns a np.dtype
    object created from the specified dtype argument.  If 'dtype' and 'a'
    are both None, construct a data type out of the 'default' parameter.
    Furthermore, 'dtype' must be in 'allowed' set.
    """
    # TODO is this really what we want?
    if dtype is None:
        try:
            newdtype = a.dtype
        except AttributeError:
            if default is not None:
                newdtype = np.dtype(default)
            else:
                raise TypeError("could not interpret data type")
    else:
        newdtype = np.dtype(dtype)
        if newdtype == np.object_:
            warnings.warn("object dtype is not supported by sparse matrices")

    return newdtype


def get_index_dtype(arrays=(), maxval=None, check_contents=False):
    """
    Based on input (integer) arrays `a`, determine a suitable index data
    type that can hold the data in the arrays.

    Parameters
    ----------
    arrays : tuple of array_like
        Input arrays whose types/contents to check
    maxval : float, optional
        Maximum value needed
    check_contents : bool, optional
        Whether to check the values in the arrays and not just their types.
        Default: False (check only the types)

    Returns
    -------
    dtype : dtype
        Suitable index data type (int32 or int64)

    """

    int32min = np.iinfo(np.int32).min
    int32max = np.iinfo(np.int32).max

    dtype = np.intc
    if maxval is not None:
        if maxval > int32max:
            dtype = np.int64

    if isinstance(arrays, np.ndarray):
        arrays = (arrays,)

    for arr in arrays:
        arr = np.asarray(arr)
        if not np.can_cast(arr.dtype, np.int32):
            if check_contents:
                if arr.size == 0:
                    # a bigger type not needed
                    continue
                elif np.issubdtype(arr.dtype, np.integer):
                    maxval = arr.max()
                    minval = arr.min()
                    if minval >= int32min and maxval <= int32max:
                        # a bigger type not needed
                        continue

            dtype = np.int64
            break

    return dtype


def get_sum_dtype(dtype):
    """Mimic numpy's casting for np.sum"""
    if dtype.kind == 'u' and np.can_cast(dtype, np.uint):
        return np.uint
    if np.can_cast(dtype, np.int_):
        return np.int_
    return dtype


def isscalarlike(x):
    """Is x either a scalar, an array scalar, or a 0-dim array?"""
    return np.isscalar(x) or (isdense(x) and x.ndim == 0)


def isintlike(x):
    """Is x appropriate as an index into a sparse matrix? Returns True
    if it can be cast safely to a machine int.
    """
    # Fast-path check to eliminate non-scalar values. operator.index would
    # catch this case too, but the exception catching is slow.
    if np.ndim(x) != 0:
        return False
    try:
        operator.index(x)
    except (TypeError, ValueError):
        try:
            loose_int = bool(int(x) == x)
        except (TypeError, ValueError):
            return False
        if loose_int:
            warnings.warn("Inexact indices into sparse matrices are deprecated",
                          DeprecationWarning)
        return loose_int
    return True


def isshape(x, nonneg=False):
    """Is x a valid 2-tuple of dimensions?

    If nonneg, also checks that the dimensions are non-negative.
    """
    try:
        # Assume it's a tuple of matrix dimensions (M, N)
        (M, N) = x
    except Exception:
        return False
    else:
        if isintlike(M) and isintlike(N):
            if np.ndim(M) == 0 and np.ndim(N) == 0:
                if not nonneg or (M >= 0 and N >= 0):
                    return True
        return False


def issequence(t):
    return ((isinstance(t, (list, tuple)) and
            (len(t) == 0 or np.isscalar(t[0]))) or
            (isinstance(t, np.ndarray) and (t.ndim == 1)))


def ismatrix(t):
    return ((isinstance(t, (list, tuple)) and
             len(t) > 0 and issequence(t[0])) or
            (isinstance(t, np.ndarray) and t.ndim == 2))


def isdense(x):
    return isinstance(x, np.ndarray)


def validateaxis(axis):
    if axis is not None:
        axis_type = type(axis)

        # In NumPy, you can pass in tuples for 'axis', but they are
        # not very useful for sparse matrices given their limited
        # dimensions, so let's make it explicit that they are not
        # allowed to be passed in
        if axis_type == tuple:
            raise TypeError(("Tuples are not accepted for the 'axis' "
                             "parameter. Please pass in one of the "
                             "following: {-2, -1, 0, 1, None}."))

        # If not a tuple, check that the provided axis is actually
        # an integer and raise a TypeError similar to NumPy's
        if not np.issubdtype(np.dtype(axis_type), np.integer):
            raise TypeError("axis must be an integer, not {name}"
                            .format(name=axis_type.__name__))

        if not (-2 <= axis <= 1):
            raise ValueError("axis out of range")


def check_shape(args, current_shape=None):
    """Imitate numpy.matrix handling of shape arguments"""
    if len(args) == 0:
        raise TypeError("function missing 1 required positional argument: "
                        "'shape'")
    elif len(args) == 1:
        try:
            shape_iter = iter(args[0])
        except TypeError:
            new_shape = (operator.index(args[0]), )
        else:
            new_shape = tuple(operator.index(arg) for arg in shape_iter)
    else:
        new_shape = tuple(operator.index(arg) for arg in args)

    if current_shape is None:
        if len(new_shape) != 2:
            raise ValueError('shape must be a 2-tuple of positive integers')
        elif new_shape[0] < 0 or new_shape[1] < 0:
            raise ValueError("'shape' elements cannot be negative")

    else:
        # Check the current size only if needed
        current_size = np.prod(current_shape, dtype=int)

        # Check for negatives
        negative_indexes = [i for i, x in enumerate(new_shape) if x < 0]
        if len(negative_indexes) == 0:
            new_size = np.prod(new_shape, dtype=int)
            if new_size != current_size:
                raise ValueError('cannot reshape array of size {} into shape {}'
                                 .format(new_size, new_shape))
        elif len(negative_indexes) == 1:
            skip = negative_indexes[0]
            specified = np.prod(new_shape[0:skip] + new_shape[skip+1:])
            unspecified, remainder = divmod(current_size, specified)
            if remainder != 0:
                err_shape = tuple('newshape' if x < 0 else x for x in new_shape)
                raise ValueError('cannot reshape array of size {} into shape {}'
                                 ''.format(current_size, err_shape))
            new_shape = new_shape[0:skip] + (unspecified,) + new_shape[skip+1:]
        else:
            raise ValueError('can only specify one unknown dimension')

        # Add and remove ones like numpy.matrix.reshape
        if len(new_shape) != 2:
            new_shape = tuple(arg for arg in new_shape if arg != 1)

            if len(new_shape) == 0:
                new_shape = (1, 1)
            elif len(new_shape) == 1:
                new_shape = (1, new_shape[0])

    if len(new_shape) > 2:
        raise ValueError('shape too large to be a matrix')

    return new_shape


def check_reshape_kwargs(kwargs):
    """Unpack keyword arguments for reshape function.

    This is useful because keyword arguments after star arguments are not
    allowed in Python 2, but star keyword arguments are. This function unpacks
    'order' and 'copy' from the star keyword arguments (with defaults) and
    throws an error for any remaining.
    """

    order = kwargs.pop('order', 'C')
    copy = kwargs.pop('copy', False)
    if kwargs:  # Some unused kwargs remain
        raise TypeError('reshape() got unexpected keywords arguments: {}'
                        .format(', '.join(kwargs.keys())))
    return order, copy


class IndexMixin(object):
    """
    This class simply exists to hold the methods necessary for fancy indexing.
    """
    def _slicetoarange(self, j, shape):
        """ Given a slice object, use numpy arange to change it to a 1D
        array.
        """
        start, stop, step = j.indices(shape)
        return np.arange(start, stop, step)

    def _unpack_index(self, index):
        """ Parse index. Always return a tuple of the form (row, col).
        Where row/col is a integer, slice, or array of integers.
        """
        # First, check if indexing with single boolean matrix.
        from .base import spmatrix  # This feels dirty but...
        if (isinstance(index, (spmatrix, np.ndarray)) and
           (index.ndim == 2) and index.dtype.kind == 'b'):
                return index.nonzero()

        # Parse any ellipses.
        index = self._check_ellipsis(index)

        # Next, parse the tuple or object
        if isinstance(index, tuple):
            if len(index) == 2:
                row, col = index
            elif len(index) == 1:
                row, col = index[0], slice(None)
            else:
                raise IndexError('invalid number of indices')
        else:
            row, col = index, slice(None)

        # Next, check for validity, or transform the index as needed.
        row, col = self._check_boolean(row, col)
        return row, col

    def _check_ellipsis(self, index):
        """Process indices with Ellipsis. Returns modified index."""
        if index is Ellipsis:
            return (slice(None), slice(None))
        elif isinstance(index, tuple):
            # Find first ellipsis
            for j, v in enumerate(index):
                if v is Ellipsis:
                    first_ellipsis = j
                    break
            else:
                first_ellipsis = None

            # Expand the first one
            if first_ellipsis is not None:
                # Shortcuts
                if len(index) == 1:
                    return (slice(None), slice(None))
                elif len(index) == 2:
                    if first_ellipsis == 0:
                        if index[1] is Ellipsis:
                            return (slice(None), slice(None))
                        else:
                            return (slice(None), index[1])
                    else:
                        return (index[0], slice(None))

                # General case
                tail = ()
                for v in index[first_ellipsis+1:]:
                    if v is not Ellipsis:
                        tail = tail + (v,)
                nd = first_ellipsis + len(tail)
                nslice = max(0, 2 - nd)
                return index[:first_ellipsis] + (slice(None),)*nslice + tail

        return index

    def _check_boolean(self, row, col):
        from .base import isspmatrix  # ew...
        # Supporting sparse boolean indexing with both row and col does
        # not work because spmatrix.ndim is always 2.
        if isspmatrix(row) or isspmatrix(col):
            raise IndexError(
                "Indexing with sparse matrices is not supported "
                "except boolean indexing where matrix and index "
                "are equal shapes.")
        if isinstance(row, np.ndarray) and row.dtype.kind == 'b':
            row = self._boolean_index_to_array(row)
        if isinstance(col, np.ndarray) and col.dtype.kind == 'b':
            col = self._boolean_index_to_array(col)
        return row, col

    def _boolean_index_to_array(self, i):
        if i.ndim > 1:
            raise IndexError('invalid index shape')
        return i.nonzero()[0]

    def _index_to_arrays(self, i, j):
        i, j = self._check_boolean(i, j)

        i_slice = isinstance(i, slice)
        if i_slice:
            i = self._slicetoarange(i, self.shape[0])[:, None]
        else:
            i = np.atleast_1d(i)

        if isinstance(j, slice):
            j = self._slicetoarange(j, self.shape[1])[None, :]
            if i.ndim == 1:
                i = i[:, None]
            elif not i_slice:
                raise IndexError('index returns 3-dim structure')
        elif isscalarlike(j):
            # row vector special case
            j = np.atleast_1d(j)
            if i.ndim == 1:
                i, j = np.broadcast_arrays(i, j)
                i = i[:, None]
                j = j[:, None]
                return i, j
        else:
            j = np.atleast_1d(j)
            if i_slice and j.ndim > 1:
                raise IndexError('index returns 3-dim structure')

        i, j = np.broadcast_arrays(i, j)

        if i.ndim == 1:
            # return column vectors for 1-D indexing
            i = i[None, :]
            j = j[None, :]
        elif i.ndim > 2:
            raise IndexError("Index dimension must be <= 2")

        return i, j
