import functools
import operator
import warnings
from collections import OrderedDict
from contextlib import suppress
from distutils.version import LooseVersion

import numpy as np

from .. import Variable, coding
from ..coding.variables import pop_to
from ..core import indexing
from ..core.utils import FrozenOrderedDict, is_remote_uri
from .common import (
    BackendArray,
    WritableCFDataStore,
    find_root_and_group,
    robust_getitem,
)
from .file_manager import CachingFileManager, DummyFileManager
from .locks import HDF5_LOCK, NETCDFC_LOCK, combine_locks, ensure_lock, get_write_lock
from .netcdf3 import encode_nc3_attr_value, encode_nc3_variable

# This lookup table maps from dtype.byteorder to a readable endian
# string used by netCDF4.
_endian_lookup = {"=": "native", ">": "big", "<": "little", "|": "native"}


NETCDF4_PYTHON_LOCK = combine_locks([NETCDFC_LOCK, HDF5_LOCK])


class BaseNetCDF4Array(BackendArray):
    __slots__ = ("datastore", "dtype", "shape", "variable_name")

    def __init__(self, variable_name, datastore):
        self.datastore = datastore
        self.variable_name = variable_name

        array = self.get_array()
        self.shape = array.shape

        dtype = array.dtype
        if dtype is str:
            # use object dtype because that's the only way in numpy to
            # represent variable length strings; it also prevents automatic
            # string concatenation via conventions.decode_cf_variable
            dtype = np.dtype("O")
        self.dtype = dtype

    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
        with self.datastore.lock:
            data = self.get_array(needs_lock=False)
            data[key] = value
            if self.datastore.autoclose:
                self.datastore.close(needs_lock=False)

    def get_array(self, needs_lock=True):
        raise NotImplementedError("Virtual Method")


class NetCDF4ArrayWrapper(BaseNetCDF4Array):
    __slots__ = ()

    def get_array(self, needs_lock=True):
        ds = self.datastore._acquire(needs_lock)
        variable = ds.variables[self.variable_name]
        variable.set_auto_maskandscale(False)
        # only added in netCDF4-python v1.2.8
        with suppress(AttributeError):
            variable.set_auto_chartostring(False)
        return variable

    def __getitem__(self, key):
        return indexing.explicit_indexing_adapter(
            key, self.shape, indexing.IndexingSupport.OUTER, self._getitem
        )

    def _getitem(self, key):
        if self.datastore.is_remote:  # pragma: no cover
            getitem = functools.partial(robust_getitem, catch=RuntimeError)
        else:
            getitem = operator.getitem

        try:
            with self.datastore.lock:
                original_array = self.get_array(needs_lock=False)
                array = getitem(original_array, key)
        except IndexError:
            # Catch IndexError in netCDF4 and return a more informative
            # error message.  This is most often called when an unsorted
            # indexer is used before the data is loaded from disk.
            msg = (
                "The indexing operation you are attempting to perform "
                "is not valid on netCDF4.Variable object. Try loading "
                "your data into memory first by calling .load()."
            )
            raise IndexError(msg)
        return array


def _encode_nc4_variable(var):
    for coder in [
        coding.strings.EncodedStringCoder(allows_unicode=True),
        coding.strings.CharacterArrayCoder(),
    ]:
        var = coder.encode(var)
    return var


def _check_encoding_dtype_is_vlen_string(dtype):
    if dtype is not str:
        raise AssertionError(  # pragma: no cover
            "unexpected dtype encoding %r. This shouldn't happen: please "
            "file a bug report at github.com/pydata/xarray" % dtype
        )


def _get_datatype(var, nc_format="NETCDF4", raise_on_invalid_encoding=False):
    if nc_format == "NETCDF4":
        datatype = _nc4_dtype(var)
    else:
        if "dtype" in var.encoding:
            encoded_dtype = var.encoding["dtype"]
            _check_encoding_dtype_is_vlen_string(encoded_dtype)
            if raise_on_invalid_encoding:
                raise ValueError(
                    "encoding dtype=str for vlen strings is only supported "
                    "with format='NETCDF4'."
                )
        datatype = var.dtype
    return datatype


def _nc4_dtype(var):
    if "dtype" in var.encoding:
        dtype = var.encoding.pop("dtype")
        _check_encoding_dtype_is_vlen_string(dtype)
    elif coding.strings.is_unicode_dtype(var.dtype):
        dtype = str
    elif var.dtype.kind in ["i", "u", "f", "c", "S"]:
        dtype = var.dtype
    else:
        raise ValueError("unsupported dtype for netCDF4 variable: {}".format(var.dtype))
    return dtype


def _netcdf4_create_group(dataset, name):
    return dataset.createGroup(name)


def _nc4_require_group(ds, group, mode, create_group=_netcdf4_create_group):
    if group in {None, "", "/"}:
        # use the root group
        return ds
    else:
        # make sure it's a string
        if not isinstance(group, str):
            raise ValueError("group must be a string or None")
        # support path-like syntax
        path = group.strip("/").split("/")
        for key in path:
            try:
                ds = ds.groups[key]
            except KeyError as e:
                if mode != "r":
                    ds = create_group(ds, key)
                else:
                    # wrap error to provide slightly more helpful message
                    raise OSError("group not found: %s" % key, e)
        return ds


def _ensure_fill_value_valid(data, attributes):
    # work around for netCDF4/scipy issue where _FillValue has the wrong type:
    # https://github.com/Unidata/netcdf4-python/issues/271
    if data.dtype.kind == "S" and "_FillValue" in attributes:
        attributes["_FillValue"] = np.string_(attributes["_FillValue"])


def _force_native_endianness(var):
    # possible values for byteorder are:
    #     =    native
    #     <    little-endian
    #     >    big-endian
    #     |    not applicable
    # Below we check if the data type is not native or NA
    if var.dtype.byteorder not in ["=", "|"]:
        # if endianness is specified explicitly, convert to the native type
        data = var.data.astype(var.dtype.newbyteorder("="))
        var = Variable(var.dims, data, var.attrs, var.encoding)
        # if endian exists, remove it from the encoding.
        var.encoding.pop("endian", None)
    # check to see if encoding has a value for endian its 'native'
    if not var.encoding.get("endian", "native") == "native":
        raise NotImplementedError(
            "Attempt to write non-native endian type, "
            "this is not supported by the netCDF4 "
            "python library."
        )
    return var


def _extract_nc4_variable_encoding(
    variable,
    raise_on_invalid=False,
    lsd_okay=True,
    h5py_okay=False,
    backend="netCDF4",
    unlimited_dims=None,
):
    if unlimited_dims is None:
        unlimited_dims = ()

    encoding = variable.encoding.copy()

    safe_to_drop = {"source", "original_shape"}
    valid_encodings = {
        "zlib",
        "complevel",
        "fletcher32",
        "contiguous",
        "chunksizes",
        "shuffle",
        "_FillValue",
        "dtype",
    }
    if lsd_okay:
        valid_encodings.add("least_significant_digit")
    if h5py_okay:
        valid_encodings.add("compression")
        valid_encodings.add("compression_opts")

    if not raise_on_invalid and encoding.get("chunksizes") is not None:
        # It's possible to get encoded chunksizes larger than a dimension size
        # if the original file had an unlimited dimension. This is problematic
        # if the new file no longer has an unlimited dimension.
        chunksizes = encoding["chunksizes"]
        chunks_too_big = any(
            c > d and dim not in unlimited_dims
            for c, d, dim in zip(chunksizes, variable.shape, variable.dims)
        )
        has_original_shape = "original_shape" in encoding
        changed_shape = (
            has_original_shape and encoding.get("original_shape") != variable.shape
        )
        if chunks_too_big or changed_shape:
            del encoding["chunksizes"]

    var_has_unlim_dim = any(dim in unlimited_dims for dim in variable.dims)
    if not raise_on_invalid and var_has_unlim_dim and "contiguous" in encoding.keys():
        del encoding["contiguous"]

    for k in safe_to_drop:
        if k in encoding:
            del encoding[k]

    if raise_on_invalid:
        invalid = [k for k in encoding if k not in valid_encodings]
        if invalid:
            raise ValueError(
                "unexpected encoding parameters for %r backend: %r. Valid "
                "encodings are: %r" % (backend, invalid, valid_encodings)
            )
    else:
        for k in list(encoding):
            if k not in valid_encodings:
                del encoding[k]

    return encoding


def _is_list_of_strings(value):
    if np.asarray(value).dtype.kind in ["U", "S"] and np.asarray(value).size > 1:
        return True
    else:
        return False


def _set_nc_attribute(obj, key, value):
    if _is_list_of_strings(value):
        # encode as NC_STRING if attr is list of strings
        try:
            obj.setncattr_string(key, value)
        except AttributeError:
            # Inform users with old netCDF that does not support
            # NC_STRING that we can't serialize lists of strings
            # as attrs
            msg = (
                "Attributes which are lists of strings are not "
                "supported with this version of netCDF. Please "
                "upgrade to netCDF4-python 1.2.4 or greater."
            )
            raise AttributeError(msg)
    else:
        obj.setncattr(key, value)


class NetCDF4DataStore(WritableCFDataStore):
    """Store for reading and writing data via the Python-NetCDF4 library.

    This store supports NetCDF3, NetCDF4 and OpenDAP datasets.
    """

    __slots__ = (
        "autoclose",
        "format",
        "is_remote",
        "lock",
        "_filename",
        "_group",
        "_manager",
        "_mode",
    )

    def __init__(
        self, manager, group=None, mode=None, lock=NETCDF4_PYTHON_LOCK, autoclose=False
    ):
        import netCDF4

        if isinstance(manager, netCDF4.Dataset):
            if group is None:
                root, group = find_root_and_group(manager)
            else:
                if not type(manager) is netCDF4.Dataset:
                    raise ValueError(
                        "must supply a root netCDF4.Dataset if the group "
                        "argument is provided"
                    )
                root = manager
            manager = DummyFileManager(root)

        self._manager = manager
        self._group = group
        self._mode = mode
        self.format = self.ds.data_model
        self._filename = self.ds.filepath()
        self.is_remote = is_remote_uri(self._filename)
        self.lock = ensure_lock(lock)
        self.autoclose = autoclose

    @classmethod
    def open(
        cls,
        filename,
        mode="r",
        format="NETCDF4",
        group=None,
        clobber=True,
        diskless=False,
        persist=False,
        lock=None,
        lock_maker=None,
        autoclose=False,
    ):
        import netCDF4

        if len(filename) == 88 and LooseVersion(netCDF4.__version__) < "1.3.1":
            warnings.warn(
                "A segmentation fault may occur when the "
                "file path has exactly 88 characters as it does "
                "in this case. The issue is known to occur with "
                "version 1.2.4 of netCDF4 and can be addressed by "
                "upgrading netCDF4 to at least version 1.3.1. "
                "More details can be found here: "
                "https://github.com/pydata/xarray/issues/1745"
            )
        if format is None:
            format = "NETCDF4"

        if lock is None:
            if mode == "r":
                if is_remote_uri(filename):
                    lock = NETCDFC_LOCK
                else:
                    lock = NETCDF4_PYTHON_LOCK
            else:
                if format is None or format.startswith("NETCDF4"):
                    base_lock = NETCDF4_PYTHON_LOCK
                else:
                    base_lock = NETCDFC_LOCK
                lock = combine_locks([base_lock, get_write_lock(filename)])

        kwargs = dict(
            clobber=clobber, diskless=diskless, persist=persist, format=format
        )
        manager = CachingFileManager(
            netCDF4.Dataset, filename, mode=mode, kwargs=kwargs
        )
        return cls(manager, group=group, mode=mode, lock=lock, autoclose=autoclose)

    def _acquire(self, needs_lock=True):
        with self._manager.acquire_context(needs_lock) as root:
            ds = _nc4_require_group(root, self._group, self._mode)
        return ds

    @property
    def ds(self):
        return self._acquire()

    def open_store_variable(self, name, var):
        dimensions = var.dimensions
        data = indexing.LazilyOuterIndexedArray(NetCDF4ArrayWrapper(name, self))
        attributes = OrderedDict((k, var.getncattr(k)) for k in var.ncattrs())
        _ensure_fill_value_valid(data, attributes)
        # netCDF4 specific encoding; save _FillValue for later
        encoding = {}
        filters = var.filters()
        if filters is not None:
            encoding.update(filters)
        chunking = var.chunking()
        if chunking is not None:
            if chunking == "contiguous":
                encoding["contiguous"] = True
                encoding["chunksizes"] = None
            else:
                encoding["contiguous"] = False
                encoding["chunksizes"] = tuple(chunking)
        # TODO: figure out how to round-trip "endian-ness" without raising
        # warnings from netCDF4
        # encoding['endian'] = var.endian()
        pop_to(attributes, encoding, "least_significant_digit")
        # save source so __repr__ can detect if it's local or not
        encoding["source"] = self._filename
        encoding["original_shape"] = var.shape
        encoding["dtype"] = var.dtype

        return Variable(dimensions, data, attributes, encoding)

    def get_variables(self):
        dsvars = FrozenOrderedDict(
            (k, self.open_store_variable(k, v)) for k, v in self.ds.variables.items()
        )
        return dsvars

    def get_attrs(self):
        attrs = FrozenOrderedDict((k, self.ds.getncattr(k)) for k in self.ds.ncattrs())
        return attrs

    def get_dimensions(self):
        dims = FrozenOrderedDict((k, len(v)) for k, v in self.ds.dimensions.items())
        return dims

    def get_encoding(self):
        encoding = {}
        encoding["unlimited_dims"] = {
            k for k, v in self.ds.dimensions.items() if v.isunlimited()
        }
        return encoding

    def set_dimension(self, name, length, is_unlimited=False):
        dim_length = length if not is_unlimited else None
        self.ds.createDimension(name, size=dim_length)

    def set_attribute(self, key, value):
        if self.format != "NETCDF4":
            value = encode_nc3_attr_value(value)
        _set_nc_attribute(self.ds, key, value)

    def encode_variable(self, variable):
        variable = _force_native_endianness(variable)
        if self.format == "NETCDF4":
            variable = _encode_nc4_variable(variable)
        else:
            variable = encode_nc3_variable(variable)
        return variable

    def prepare_variable(
        self, name, variable, check_encoding=False, unlimited_dims=None
    ):
        datatype = _get_datatype(
            variable, self.format, raise_on_invalid_encoding=check_encoding
        )
        attrs = variable.attrs.copy()

        fill_value = attrs.pop("_FillValue", None)

        if datatype is str and fill_value is not None:
            raise NotImplementedError(
                "netCDF4 does not yet support setting a fill value for "
                "variable-length strings "
                "(https://github.com/Unidata/netcdf4-python/issues/730). "
                "Either remove '_FillValue' from encoding on variable %r "
                "or set {'dtype': 'S1'} in encoding to use the fixed width "
                "NC_CHAR type." % name
            )

        encoding = _extract_nc4_variable_encoding(
            variable, raise_on_invalid=check_encoding, unlimited_dims=unlimited_dims
        )

        if name in self.ds.variables:
            nc4_var = self.ds.variables[name]
        else:
            nc4_var = self.ds.createVariable(
                varname=name,
                datatype=datatype,
                dimensions=variable.dims,
                zlib=encoding.get("zlib", False),
                complevel=encoding.get("complevel", 4),
                shuffle=encoding.get("shuffle", True),
                fletcher32=encoding.get("fletcher32", False),
                contiguous=encoding.get("contiguous", False),
                chunksizes=encoding.get("chunksizes"),
                endian="native",
                least_significant_digit=encoding.get("least_significant_digit"),
                fill_value=fill_value,
            )

        for k, v in attrs.items():
            # set attributes one-by-one since netCDF4<1.0.10 can't handle
            # OrderedDict as the input to setncatts
            _set_nc_attribute(nc4_var, k, v)

        target = NetCDF4ArrayWrapper(name, self)

        return target, variable.data

    def sync(self):
        self.ds.sync()

    def close(self, **kwargs):
        self._manager.close(**kwargs)
