# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from __future__ import absolute_import
import numpy as np

from .. import backend as K
from .. import activations
from .. import initializers
from .. import regularizers
from .. import constraints
from ..engine import Layer
from ..engine import InputSpec
from ..legacy import interfaces


def _time_distributed_dense(x, w, b=None, dropout=None,
                            input_dim=None, output_dim=None,
                            timesteps=None, training=None):
    """Apply `y . w + b` for every temporal slice y of x.

    # Arguments
        x: input tensor.
        w: weight matrix.
        b: optional bias vector.
        dropout: wether to apply dropout (same dropout mask
            for every temporal slice of the input).
        input_dim: integer; optional dimensionality of the input.
        output_dim: integer; optional dimensionality of the output.
        timesteps: integer; optional number of timesteps.
        training: training phase tensor or boolean.

    # Returns
        Output tensor.
    """
    if not input_dim:
        input_dim = K.shape(x)[2]
    if not timesteps:
        timesteps = K.shape(x)[1]
    if not output_dim:
        output_dim = K.shape(w)[1]

    if dropout is not None and 0. < dropout < 1.:
        # apply the same dropout pattern at every timestep
        ones = K.ones_like(K.reshape(x[:, 0, :], (-1, input_dim)))
        dropout_matrix = K.dropout(ones, dropout)
        expanded_dropout_matrix = K.repeat(dropout_matrix, timesteps)
        x = K.in_train_phase(x * expanded_dropout_matrix, x, training=training)

    # collapse time dimension and batch dimension together
    x = K.reshape(x, (-1, input_dim))
    x = K.dot(x, w)
    if b is not None:
        x = K.bias_add(x, b)
    # reshape to 3D tensor
    if K.backend() == 'tensorflow':
        x = K.reshape(x, K.stack([-1, timesteps, output_dim]))
        x.set_shape([None, None, output_dim])
    else:
        x = K.reshape(x, (-1, timesteps, output_dim))
    return x


class Recurrent(Layer):
    """Abstract base class for recurrent layers.

    Do not use in a model -- it's not a valid layer!
    Use its children classes `LSTM`, `GRU` and `SimpleRNN` instead.

    All recurrent layers (`LSTM`, `GRU`, `SimpleRNN`) also
    follow the specifications of this class and accept
    the keyword arguments listed below.

    # Example

    ```python
        # as the first layer in a Sequential model
        model = Sequential()
        model.add(LSTM(32, input_shape=(10, 64)))
        # now model.output_shape == (None, 32)
        # note: `None` is the batch dimension.

        # for subsequent layers, no need to specify the input size:
        model.add(LSTM(16))

        # to stack recurrent layers, you must use return_sequences=True
        # on any recurrent layer that feeds into another recurrent layer.
        # note that you only need to specify the input size on the first layer.
        model = Sequential()
        model.add(LSTM(64, input_dim=64, input_length=10, return_sequences=True))
        model.add(LSTM(32, return_sequences=True))
        model.add(LSTM(10))
    ```

    # Arguments
        weights: list of Numpy arrays to set as initial weights.
            The list should have 3 elements, of shapes:
            `[(input_dim, output_dim), (output_dim, output_dim), (output_dim,)]`.
        return_sequences: Boolean. Whether to return the last output
            in the output sequence, or the full sequence.
        return_state: Boolean. Whether to return the last state
            in addition to the output.
        go_backwards: Boolean (default False).
            If True, process the input sequence backwards and return the
            reversed sequence.
        stateful: Boolean (default False). If True, the last state
            for each sample at index i in a batch will be used as initial
            state for the sample of index i in the following batch.
        unroll: Boolean (default False).
            If True, the network will be unrolled,
            else a symbolic loop will be used.
            Unrolling can speed-up a RNN,
            although it tends to be more memory-intensive.
            Unrolling is only suitable for short sequences.
        implementation: one of {0, 1, or 2}.
            If set to 0, the RNN will use
            an implementation that uses fewer, larger matrix products,
            thus running faster on CPU but consuming more memory.
            If set to 1, the RNN will use more matrix products,
            but smaller ones, thus running slower
            (may actually be faster on GPU) while consuming less memory.
            If set to 2 (LSTM/GRU only),
            the RNN will combine the input gate,
            the forget gate and the output gate into a single matrix,
            enabling more time-efficient parallelization on the GPU.
            Note: RNN dropout must be shared for all gates,
            resulting in a slightly reduced regularization.
        input_dim: dimensionality of the input (integer).
            This argument (or alternatively, the keyword argument `input_shape`)
            is required when using this layer as the first layer in a model.
        input_length: Length of input sequences, to be specified
            when it is constant.
            This argument is required if you are going to connect
            `Flatten` then `Dense` layers upstream
            (without it, the shape of the dense outputs cannot be computed).
            Note that if the recurrent layer is not the first layer
            in your model, you would need to specify the input length
            at the level of the first layer
            (e.g. via the `input_shape` argument)

    # Input shapes
        3D tensor with shape `(batch_size, timesteps, input_dim)`,
        (Optional) 2D tensors with shape `(batch_size, output_dim)`.

    # Output shape
        - if `return_state`: a list of tensors. The first tensor is
            the output. The remaining tensors are the last states,
            each with shape `(batch_size, units)`.
        - if `return_sequences`: 3D tensor with shape
            `(batch_size, timesteps, units)`.
        - else, 2D tensor with shape `(batch_size, units)`.

    # Masking
        This layer supports masking for input data with a variable number
        of timesteps. To introduce masks to your data,
        use an [Embedding](embeddings.md) layer with the `mask_zero` parameter
        set to `True`.

    # Note on using statefulness in RNNs
        You can set RNN layers to be 'stateful', which means that the states
        computed for the samples in one batch will be reused as initial states
        for the samples in the next batch. This assumes a one-to-one mapping
        between samples in different successive batches.

        To enable statefulness:
            - specify `stateful=True` in the layer constructor.
            - specify a fixed batch size for your model, by passing
                if sequential model:
                  `batch_input_shape=(...)` to the first layer in your model.
                else for functional model with 1 or more Input layers:
                  `batch_shape=(...)` to all the first layers in your model.
                This is the expected shape of your inputs
                *including the batch size*.
                It should be a tuple of integers, e.g. `(32, 10, 100)`.
            - specify `shuffle=False` when calling fit().

        To reset the states of your model, call `.reset_states()` on either
        a specific layer, or on your entire model.

    # Note on specifying the initial state of RNNs
        You can specify the initial state of RNN layers symbolically by
        calling them with the keyword argument `initial_state`. The value of
        `initial_state` should be a tensor or list of tensors representing
        the initial state of the RNN layer.

        You can specify the initial state of RNN layers numerically by
        calling `reset_states` with the keyword argument `states`. The value of
        `states` should be a numpy array or list of numpy arrays representing
        the initial state of the RNN layer.
    """

    def __init__(self, return_sequences=False,
                 return_state=False,
                 go_backwards=False,
                 stateful=False,
                 unroll=False,
                 implementation=0,
                 **kwargs):
        super(Recurrent, self).__init__(**kwargs)
        self.return_sequences = return_sequences
        self.return_state = return_state
        self.go_backwards = go_backwards

        self.stateful = stateful
        self.unroll = unroll
        self.implementation = implementation
        self.supports_masking = True
        self.input_spec = [InputSpec(ndim=3)]
        self.state_spec = None
        self.dropout = 0
        self.recurrent_dropout = 0

    def compute_output_shape(self, input_shape):
        if isinstance(input_shape, list):
            input_shape = input_shape[0]

        if self.return_sequences:
            output_shape = (input_shape[0], input_shape[1], self.units)
        else:
            output_shape = (input_shape[0], self.units)

        if self.return_state:
            state_shape = [(input_shape[0], self.units) for _ in self.states]
            return [output_shape] + state_shape
        else:
            return output_shape

    def compute_mask(self, inputs, mask):
        if isinstance(mask, list):
            mask = mask[0]
        output_mask = mask if self.return_sequences else None
        if self.return_state:
            state_mask = [None for _ in self.states]
            return [output_mask] + state_mask
        else:
            return output_mask

    def step(self, inputs, states):
        raise NotImplementedError

    def get_constants(self, inputs, training=None):
        return []

    def get_initial_state(self, inputs):
        # build an all-zero tensor of shape (samples, output_dim)
        initial_state = K.zeros_like(inputs)  # (samples, timesteps, input_dim)
        initial_state = K.sum(initial_state, axis=(1, 2))  # (samples,)
        initial_state = K.expand_dims(initial_state)  # (samples, 1)
        initial_state = K.tile(initial_state, [1, self.units])  # (samples, output_dim)
        initial_state = [initial_state for _ in range(len(self.states))]
        return initial_state

    def preprocess_input(self, inputs, training=None):
        return inputs

    def __call__(self, inputs, initial_state=None, **kwargs):

        # If there are multiple inputs, then
        # they should be the main input and `initial_state`
        # e.g. when loading model from file
        if isinstance(inputs, (list, tuple)) and len(inputs) > 1 and initial_state is None:
            initial_state = inputs[1:]
            inputs = inputs[0]

        # If `initial_state` is specified,
        # and if it a Keras tensor,
        # then add it to the inputs and temporarily
        # modify the input spec to include the state.
        if initial_state is None:
            return super(Recurrent, self).__call__(inputs, **kwargs)

        if not isinstance(initial_state, (list, tuple)):
            initial_state = [initial_state]

        is_keras_tensor = hasattr(initial_state[0], '_keras_history')
        for tensor in initial_state:
            if hasattr(tensor, '_keras_history') != is_keras_tensor:
                raise ValueError('The initial state of an RNN layer cannot be'
                                 ' specified with a mix of Keras tensors and'
                                 ' non-Keras tensors')

        if is_keras_tensor:
            # Compute the full input spec, including state
            input_spec = self.input_spec
            state_spec = self.state_spec
            if not isinstance(input_spec, list):
                input_spec = [input_spec]
            if not isinstance(state_spec, list):
                state_spec = [state_spec]
            self.input_spec = input_spec + state_spec

            # Compute the full inputs, including state
            inputs = [inputs] + list(initial_state)

            # Perform the call
            output = super(Recurrent, self).__call__(inputs, **kwargs)

            # Restore original input spec
            self.input_spec = input_spec
            return output
        else:
            kwargs['initial_state'] = initial_state
            return super(Recurrent, self).__call__(inputs, **kwargs)

    def call(self, inputs, mask=None, training=None, initial_state=None):
        # input shape: `(samples, time (padded with zeros), input_dim)`
        # note that the .build() method of subclasses MUST define
        # self.input_spec and self.state_spec with complete input shapes.
        if isinstance(inputs, list):
            initial_state = inputs[1:]
            inputs = inputs[0]
        elif initial_state is not None:
            pass
        elif self.stateful:
            initial_state = self.states
        else:
            initial_state = self.get_initial_state(inputs)

        if isinstance(mask, list):
            mask = mask[0]

        if len(initial_state) != len(self.states):
            raise ValueError('Layer has ' + str(len(self.states)) +
                             ' states but was passed ' +
                             str(len(initial_state)) +
                             ' initial states.')
        input_shape = K.int_shape(inputs)
        timesteps = input_shape[1]
        if self.unroll and timesteps in [None, 1]:
            raise ValueError('Cannot unroll a RNN if the '
                             'time dimension is undefined or equal to 1. \n'
                             '- If using a Sequential model, '
                             'specify the time dimension by passing '
                             'an `input_shape` or `batch_input_shape` '
                             'argument to your first layer. If your '
                             'first layer is an Embedding, you can '
                             'also use the `input_length` argument.\n'
                             '- If using the functional API, specify '
                             'the time dimension by passing a `shape` '
                             'or `batch_shape` argument to your Input layer.')
        constants = self.get_constants(inputs, training=None)
        preprocessed_input = self.preprocess_input(inputs, training=None)
        last_output, outputs, states = K.rnn(self.step,
                                             preprocessed_input,
                                             initial_state,
                                             go_backwards=self.go_backwards,
                                             mask=mask,
                                             constants=constants,
                                             unroll=self.unroll,
                                             input_length=timesteps)
        if self.stateful:
            updates = []
            for i in range(len(states)):
                updates.append((self.states[i], states[i]))
            self.add_update(updates, inputs)

        # Properly set learning phase
        if 0 < self.dropout + self.recurrent_dropout:
            last_output._uses_learning_phase = True
            outputs._uses_learning_phase = True

        if self.return_sequences:
            output = outputs
        else:
            output = last_output

        if self.return_state:
            if not isinstance(states, (list, tuple)):
                states = [states]
            else:
                states = list(states)
            return [output] + states
        else:
            return output

    def reset_states(self, states=None):
        if not self.stateful:
            raise AttributeError('Layer must be stateful.')
        batch_size = self.input_spec[0].shape[0]
        if not batch_size:
            raise ValueError('If a RNN is stateful, it needs to know '
                             'its batch size. Specify the batch size '
                             'of your input tensors: \n'
                             '- If using a Sequential model, '
                             'specify the batch size by passing '
                             'a `batch_input_shape` '
                             'argument to your first layer.\n'
                             '- If using the functional API, specify '
                             'the time dimension by passing a '
                             '`batch_shape` argument to your Input layer.')
        # initialize state if None
        if self.states[0] is None:
            self.states = [K.zeros((batch_size, self.units))
                           for _ in self.states]
        elif states is None:
            for state in self.states:
                K.set_value(state, np.zeros((batch_size, self.units)))
        else:
            if not isinstance(states, (list, tuple)):
                states = [states]
            if len(states) != len(self.states):
                raise ValueError('Layer ' + self.name + ' expects ' +
                                 str(len(self.states)) + ' states, '
                                 'but it received ' + str(len(states)) +
                                 ' state values. Input received: ' +
                                 str(states))
            for index, (value, state) in enumerate(zip(states, self.states)):
                if value.shape != (batch_size, self.units):
                    raise ValueError('State ' + str(index) +
                                     ' is incompatible with layer ' +
                                     self.name + ': expected shape=' +
                                     str((batch_size, self.units)) +
                                     ', found shape=' + str(value.shape))
                K.set_value(state, value)

    def get_config(self):
        config = {'return_sequences': self.return_sequences,
                  'return_state': self.return_state,
                  'go_backwards': self.go_backwards,
                  'stateful': self.stateful,
                  'unroll': self.unroll,
                  'implementation': self.implementation}
        base_config = super(Recurrent, self).get_config()
        return dict(list(base_config.items()) + list(config.items()))


class SimpleRNN(Recurrent):
    """Fully-connected RNN where the output is to be fed back to input.

    # Arguments
        units: Positive integer, dimensionality of the output space.
        activation: Activation function to use
            (see [activations](../activations.md)).
            If you pass None, no activation is applied
            (ie. "linear" activation: `a(x) = x`).
        use_bias: Boolean, whether the layer uses a bias vector.
        kernel_initializer: Initializer for the `kernel` weights matrix,
            used for the linear transformation of the inputs.
            (see [initializers](../initializers.md)).
        recurrent_initializer: Initializer for the `recurrent_kernel`
            weights matrix,
            used for the linear transformation of the recurrent state.
            (see [initializers](../initializers.md)).
        bias_initializer: Initializer for the bias vector
            (see [initializers](../initializers.md)).
        kernel_regularizer: Regularizer function applied to
            the `kernel` weights matrix
            (see [regularizer](../regularizers.md)).
        recurrent_regularizer: Regularizer function applied to
            the `recurrent_kernel` weights matrix
            (see [regularizer](../regularizers.md)).
        bias_regularizer: Regularizer function applied to the bias vector
            (see [regularizer](../regularizers.md)).
        activity_regularizer: Regularizer function applied to
            the output of the layer (its "activation").
            (see [regularizer](../regularizers.md)).
        kernel_constraint: Constraint function applied to
            the `kernel` weights matrix
            (see [constraints](../constraints.md)).
        recurrent_constraint: Constraint function applied to
            the `recurrent_kernel` weights matrix
            (see [constraints](../constraints.md)).
        bias_constraint: Constraint function applied to the bias vector
            (see [constraints](../constraints.md)).
        dropout: Float between 0 and 1.
            Fraction of the units to drop for
            the linear transformation of the inputs.
        recurrent_dropout: Float between 0 and 1.
            Fraction of the units to drop for
            the linear transformation of the recurrent state.

    # References
        - [A Theoretically Grounded Application of Dropout in Recurrent Neural Networks](http://arxiv.org/abs/1512.05287)
    """

    @interfaces.legacy_recurrent_support
    def __init__(self, units,
                 activation='tanh',
                 use_bias=True,
                 kernel_initializer='glorot_uniform',
                 recurrent_initializer='orthogonal',
                 bias_initializer='zeros',
                 kernel_regularizer=None,
                 recurrent_regularizer=None,
                 bias_regularizer=None,
                 activity_regularizer=None,
                 kernel_constraint=None,
                 recurrent_constraint=None,
                 bias_constraint=None,
                 dropout=0.,
                 recurrent_dropout=0.,
                 **kwargs):
        super(SimpleRNN, self).__init__(**kwargs)
        self.units = units
        self.activation = activations.get(activation)
        self.use_bias = use_bias

        self.kernel_initializer = initializers.get(kernel_initializer)
        self.recurrent_initializer = initializers.get(recurrent_initializer)
        self.bias_initializer = initializers.get(bias_initializer)

        self.kernel_regularizer = regularizers.get(kernel_regularizer)
        self.recurrent_regularizer = regularizers.get(recurrent_regularizer)
        self.bias_regularizer = regularizers.get(bias_regularizer)
        self.activity_regularizer = regularizers.get(activity_regularizer)

        self.kernel_constraint = constraints.get(kernel_constraint)
        self.recurrent_constraint = constraints.get(recurrent_constraint)
        self.bias_constraint = constraints.get(bias_constraint)

        self.dropout = min(1., max(0., dropout))
        self.recurrent_dropout = min(1., max(0., recurrent_dropout))
        self.state_spec = InputSpec(shape=(None, self.units))

    def build(self, input_shape):
        if isinstance(input_shape, list):
            input_shape = input_shape[0]

        batch_size = input_shape[0] if self.stateful else None
        self.input_dim = input_shape[2]
        self.input_spec[0] = InputSpec(shape=(batch_size, None, self.input_dim))

        self.states = [None]
        if self.stateful:
            self.reset_states()

        self.kernel = self.add_weight(shape=(self.input_dim, self.units),
                                      name='kernel',
                                      initializer=self.kernel_initializer,
                                      regularizer=self.kernel_regularizer,
                                      constraint=self.kernel_constraint)
        self.recurrent_kernel = self.add_weight(
            shape=(self.units, self.units),
            name='recurrent_kernel',
            initializer=self.recurrent_initializer,
            regularizer=self.recurrent_regularizer,
            constraint=self.recurrent_constraint)
        if self.use_bias:
            self.bias = self.add_weight(shape=(self.units,),
                                        name='bias',
                                        initializer=self.bias_initializer,
                                        regularizer=self.bias_regularizer,
                                        constraint=self.bias_constraint)
        else:
            self.bias = None
        self.built = True

    def preprocess_input(self, inputs, training=None):
        if self.implementation > 0:
            return inputs
        else:
            input_shape = K.int_shape(inputs)
            input_dim = input_shape[2]
            timesteps = input_shape[1]
            return _time_distributed_dense(inputs,
                                           self.kernel,
                                           self.bias,
                                           self.dropout,
                                           input_dim,
                                           self.units,
                                           timesteps,
                                           training=training)

    def step(self, inputs, states):
        if self.implementation == 0:
            h = inputs
        else:
            if 0 < self.dropout < 1:
                h = K.dot(inputs * states[1], self.kernel)
            else:
                h = K.dot(inputs, self.kernel)
            if self.bias is not None:
                h = K.bias_add(h, self.bias)

        prev_output = states[0]
        if 0 < self.recurrent_dropout < 1:
            prev_output *= states[2]
        output = h + K.dot(prev_output, self.recurrent_kernel)
        if self.activation is not None:
            output = self.activation(output)

        # Properly set learning phase on output tensor.
        if 0 < self.dropout + self.recurrent_dropout:
            output._uses_learning_phase = True
        return output, [output]

    def get_constants(self, inputs, training=None):
        constants = []
        if self.implementation != 0 and 0 < self.dropout < 1:
            input_shape = K.int_shape(inputs)
            input_dim = input_shape[-1]
            ones = K.ones_like(K.reshape(inputs[:, 0, 0], (-1, 1)))
            ones = K.tile(ones, (1, int(input_dim)))

            def dropped_inputs():
                return K.dropout(ones, self.dropout)

            dp_mask = K.in_train_phase(dropped_inputs,
                                       ones,
                                       training=training)
            constants.append(dp_mask)
        else:
            constants.append(K.cast_to_floatx(1.))

        if 0 < self.recurrent_dropout < 1:
            ones = K.ones_like(K.reshape(inputs[:, 0, 0], (-1, 1)))
            ones = K.tile(ones, (1, self.units))

            def dropped_inputs():
                return K.dropout(ones, self.recurrent_dropout)
            rec_dp_mask = K.in_train_phase(dropped_inputs,
                                           ones,
                                           training=training)
            constants.append(rec_dp_mask)
        else:
            constants.append(K.cast_to_floatx(1.))
        return constants

    def get_config(self):
        config = {'units': self.units,
                  'activation': activations.serialize(self.activation),
                  'use_bias': self.use_bias,
                  'kernel_initializer': initializers.serialize(self.kernel_initializer),
                  'recurrent_initializer': initializers.serialize(self.recurrent_initializer),
                  'bias_initializer': initializers.serialize(self.bias_initializer),
                  'kernel_regularizer': regularizers.serialize(self.kernel_regularizer),
                  'recurrent_regularizer': regularizers.serialize(self.recurrent_regularizer),
                  'bias_regularizer': regularizers.serialize(self.bias_regularizer),
                  'activity_regularizer': regularizers.serialize(self.activity_regularizer),
                  'kernel_constraint': constraints.serialize(self.kernel_constraint),
                  'recurrent_constraint': constraints.serialize(self.recurrent_constraint),
                  'bias_constraint': constraints.serialize(self.bias_constraint),
                  'dropout': self.dropout,
                  'recurrent_dropout': self.recurrent_dropout}
        base_config = super(SimpleRNN, self).get_config()
        return dict(list(base_config.items()) + list(config.items()))


class GRU(Recurrent):
    """Gated Recurrent Unit - Cho et al. 2014.

    # Arguments
        units: Positive integer, dimensionality of the output space.
        activation: Activation function to use
            (see [activations](../activations.md)).
            If you pass None, no activation is applied
            (ie. "linear" activation: `a(x) = x`).
        recurrent_activation: Activation function to use
            for the recurrent step
            (see [activations](../activations.md)).
        use_bias: Boolean, whether the layer uses a bias vector.
        kernel_initializer: Initializer for the `kernel` weights matrix,
            used for the linear transformation of the inputs.
            (see [initializers](../initializers.md)).
        recurrent_initializer: Initializer for the `recurrent_kernel`
            weights matrix,
            used for the linear transformation of the recurrent state.
            (see [initializers](../initializers.md)).
        bias_initializer: Initializer for the bias vector
            (see [initializers](../initializers.md)).
        kernel_regularizer: Regularizer function applied to
            the `kernel` weights matrix
            (see [regularizer](../regularizers.md)).
        recurrent_regularizer: Regularizer function applied to
            the `recurrent_kernel` weights matrix
            (see [regularizer](../regularizers.md)).
        bias_regularizer: Regularizer function applied to the bias vector
            (see [regularizer](../regularizers.md)).
        activity_regularizer: Regularizer function applied to
            the output of the layer (its "activation").
            (see [regularizer](../regularizers.md)).
        kernel_constraint: Constraint function applied to
            the `kernel` weights matrix
            (see [constraints](../constraints.md)).
        recurrent_constraint: Constraint function applied to
            the `recurrent_kernel` weights matrix
            (see [constraints](../constraints.md)).
        bias_constraint: Constraint function applied to the bias vector
            (see [constraints](../constraints.md)).
        dropout: Float between 0 and 1.
            Fraction of the units to drop for
            the linear transformation of the inputs.
        recurrent_dropout: Float between 0 and 1.
            Fraction of the units to drop for
            the linear transformation of the recurrent state.

    # References
        - [On the Properties of Neural Machine Translation: Encoder-Decoder Approaches](https://arxiv.org/abs/1409.1259)
        - [Empirical Evaluation of Gated Recurrent Neural Networks on Sequence Modeling](http://arxiv.org/abs/1412.3555v1)
        - [A Theoretically Grounded Application of Dropout in Recurrent Neural Networks](http://arxiv.org/abs/1512.05287)
    """

    @interfaces.legacy_recurrent_support
    def __init__(self, units,
                 activation='tanh',
                 recurrent_activation='hard_sigmoid',
                 use_bias=True,
                 kernel_initializer='glorot_uniform',
                 recurrent_initializer='orthogonal',
                 bias_initializer='zeros',
                 kernel_regularizer=None,
                 recurrent_regularizer=None,
                 bias_regularizer=None,
                 activity_regularizer=None,
                 kernel_constraint=None,
                 recurrent_constraint=None,
                 bias_constraint=None,
                 dropout=0.,
                 recurrent_dropout=0.,
                 **kwargs):
        super(GRU, self).__init__(**kwargs)
        self.units = units
        self.activation = activations.get(activation)
        self.recurrent_activation = activations.get(recurrent_activation)
        self.use_bias = use_bias

        self.kernel_initializer = initializers.get(kernel_initializer)
        self.recurrent_initializer = initializers.get(recurrent_initializer)
        self.bias_initializer = initializers.get(bias_initializer)

        self.kernel_regularizer = regularizers.get(kernel_regularizer)
        self.recurrent_regularizer = regularizers.get(recurrent_regularizer)
        self.bias_regularizer = regularizers.get(bias_regularizer)
        self.activity_regularizer = regularizers.get(activity_regularizer)

        self.kernel_constraint = constraints.get(kernel_constraint)
        self.recurrent_constraint = constraints.get(recurrent_constraint)
        self.bias_constraint = constraints.get(bias_constraint)

        self.dropout = min(1., max(0., dropout))
        self.recurrent_dropout = min(1., max(0., recurrent_dropout))
        self.state_spec = InputSpec(shape=(None, self.units))

    def build(self, input_shape):
        if isinstance(input_shape, list):
            input_shape = input_shape[0]

        batch_size = input_shape[0] if self.stateful else None
        self.input_dim = input_shape[2]
        self.input_spec[0] = InputSpec(shape=(batch_size, None, self.input_dim))

        self.states = [None]
        if self.stateful:
            self.reset_states()

        self.kernel = self.add_weight(shape=(self.input_dim, self.units * 3),
                                      name='kernel',
                                      initializer=self.kernel_initializer,
                                      regularizer=self.kernel_regularizer,
                                      constraint=self.kernel_constraint)
        self.recurrent_kernel = self.add_weight(
            shape=(self.units, self.units * 3),
            name='recurrent_kernel',
            initializer=self.recurrent_initializer,
            regularizer=self.recurrent_regularizer,
            constraint=self.recurrent_constraint)

        if self.use_bias:
            self.bias = self.add_weight(shape=(self.units * 3,),
                                        name='bias',
                                        initializer=self.bias_initializer,
                                        regularizer=self.bias_regularizer,
                                        constraint=self.bias_constraint)
        else:
            self.bias = None

        self.kernel_z = self.kernel[:, :self.units]
        self.recurrent_kernel_z = self.recurrent_kernel[:, :self.units]
        self.kernel_r = self.kernel[:, self.units: self.units * 2]
        self.recurrent_kernel_r = self.recurrent_kernel[:,
                                                        self.units:
                                                        self.units * 2]
        self.kernel_h = self.kernel[:, self.units * 2:]
        self.recurrent_kernel_h = self.recurrent_kernel[:, self.units * 2:]

        if self.use_bias:
            self.bias_z = self.bias[:self.units]
            self.bias_r = self.bias[self.units: self.units * 2]
            self.bias_h = self.bias[self.units * 2:]
        else:
            self.bias_z = None
            self.bias_r = None
            self.bias_h = None
        self.built = True

    def preprocess_input(self, inputs, training=None):
        if self.implementation == 0:
            input_shape = K.int_shape(inputs)
            input_dim = input_shape[2]
            timesteps = input_shape[1]

            x_z = _time_distributed_dense(inputs, self.kernel_z, self.bias_z,
                                          self.dropout, input_dim, self.units,
                                          timesteps, training=training)
            x_r = _time_distributed_dense(inputs, self.kernel_r, self.bias_r,
                                          self.dropout, input_dim, self.units,
                                          timesteps, training=training)
            x_h = _time_distributed_dense(inputs, self.kernel_h, self.bias_h,
                                          self.dropout, input_dim, self.units,
                                          timesteps, training=training)
            return K.concatenate([x_z, x_r, x_h], axis=2)
        else:
            return inputs

    def get_constants(self, inputs, training=None):
        constants = []
        if self.implementation != 0 and 0 < self.dropout < 1:
            input_shape = K.int_shape(inputs)
            input_dim = input_shape[-1]
            ones = K.ones_like(K.reshape(inputs[:, 0, 0], (-1, 1)))
            ones = K.tile(ones, (1, int(input_dim)))

            def dropped_inputs():
                return K.dropout(ones, self.dropout)

            dp_mask = [K.in_train_phase(dropped_inputs,
                                        ones,
                                        training=training) for _ in range(3)]
            constants.append(dp_mask)
        else:
            constants.append([K.cast_to_floatx(1.) for _ in range(3)])

        if 0 < self.recurrent_dropout < 1:
            ones = K.ones_like(K.reshape(inputs[:, 0, 0], (-1, 1)))
            ones = K.tile(ones, (1, self.units))

            def dropped_inputs():
                return K.dropout(ones, self.recurrent_dropout)
            rec_dp_mask = [K.in_train_phase(dropped_inputs,
                                            ones,
                                            training=training) for _ in range(3)]
            constants.append(rec_dp_mask)
        else:
            constants.append([K.cast_to_floatx(1.) for _ in range(3)])
        return constants

    def step(self, inputs, states):
        h_tm1 = states[0]  # previous memory
        dp_mask = states[1]  # dropout matrices for recurrent units
        rec_dp_mask = states[2]

        if self.implementation == 2:
            matrix_x = K.dot(inputs * dp_mask[0], self.kernel)
            if self.use_bias:
                matrix_x = K.bias_add(matrix_x, self.bias)
            matrix_inner = K.dot(h_tm1 * rec_dp_mask[0],
                                 self.recurrent_kernel[:, :2 * self.units])

            x_z = matrix_x[:, :self.units]
            x_r = matrix_x[:, self.units: 2 * self.units]
            recurrent_z = matrix_inner[:, :self.units]
            recurrent_r = matrix_inner[:, self.units: 2 * self.units]

            z = self.recurrent_activation(x_z + recurrent_z)
            r = self.recurrent_activation(x_r + recurrent_r)

            x_h = matrix_x[:, 2 * self.units:]
            recurrent_h = K.dot(r * h_tm1 * rec_dp_mask[0],
                                self.recurrent_kernel[:, 2 * self.units:])
            hh = self.activation(x_h + recurrent_h)
        else:
            if self.implementation == 0:
                x_z = inputs[:, :self.units]
                x_r = inputs[:, self.units: 2 * self.units]
                x_h = inputs[:, 2 * self.units:]
            elif self.implementation == 1:
                x_z = K.dot(inputs * dp_mask[0], self.kernel_z)
                x_r = K.dot(inputs * dp_mask[1], self.kernel_r)
                x_h = K.dot(inputs * dp_mask[2], self.kernel_h)
                if self.use_bias:
                    x_z = K.bias_add(x_z, self.bias_z)
                    x_r = K.bias_add(x_r, self.bias_r)
                    x_h = K.bias_add(x_h, self.bias_h)
            else:
                raise ValueError('Unknown `implementation` mode.')
            z = self.recurrent_activation(x_z + K.dot(h_tm1 * rec_dp_mask[0],
                                                      self.recurrent_kernel_z))
            r = self.recurrent_activation(x_r + K.dot(h_tm1 * rec_dp_mask[1],
                                                      self.recurrent_kernel_r))

            hh = self.activation(x_h + K.dot(r * h_tm1 * rec_dp_mask[2],
                                             self.recurrent_kernel_h))
        h = z * h_tm1 + (1 - z) * hh
        if 0 < self.dropout + self.recurrent_dropout:
            h._uses_learning_phase = True
        return h, [h]

    def get_config(self):
        config = {'units': self.units,
                  'activation': activations.serialize(self.activation),
                  'recurrent_activation': activations.serialize(self.recurrent_activation),
                  'use_bias': self.use_bias,
                  'kernel_initializer': initializers.serialize(self.kernel_initializer),
                  'recurrent_initializer': initializers.serialize(self.recurrent_initializer),
                  'bias_initializer': initializers.serialize(self.bias_initializer),
                  'kernel_regularizer': regularizers.serialize(self.kernel_regularizer),
                  'recurrent_regularizer': regularizers.serialize(self.recurrent_regularizer),
                  'bias_regularizer': regularizers.serialize(self.bias_regularizer),
                  'activity_regularizer': regularizers.serialize(self.activity_regularizer),
                  'kernel_constraint': constraints.serialize(self.kernel_constraint),
                  'recurrent_constraint': constraints.serialize(self.recurrent_constraint),
                  'bias_constraint': constraints.serialize(self.bias_constraint),
                  'dropout': self.dropout,
                  'recurrent_dropout': self.recurrent_dropout}
        base_config = super(GRU, self).get_config()
        return dict(list(base_config.items()) + list(config.items()))


class LSTM(Recurrent):
    """Long-Short Term Memory unit - Hochreiter 1997.

    For a step-by-step description of the algorithm, see
    [this tutorial](http://deeplearning.net/tutorial/lstm.html).

    # Arguments
        units: Positive integer, dimensionality of the output space.
        activation: Activation function to use
            (see [activations](../activations.md)).
            If you pass None, no activation is applied
            (ie. "linear" activation: `a(x) = x`).
        recurrent_activation: Activation function to use
            for the recurrent step
            (see [activations](../activations.md)).
        use_bias: Boolean, whether the layer uses a bias vector.
        kernel_initializer: Initializer for the `kernel` weights matrix,
            used for the linear transformation of the inputs.
            (see [initializers](../initializers.md)).
        recurrent_initializer: Initializer for the `recurrent_kernel`
            weights matrix,
            used for the linear transformation of the recurrent state.
            (see [initializers](../initializers.md)).
        bias_initializer: Initializer for the bias vector
            (see [initializers](../initializers.md)).
        unit_forget_bias: Boolean.
            If True, add 1 to the bias of the forget gate at initialization.
            Setting it to true will also force `bias_initializer="zeros"`.
            This is recommended in [Jozefowicz et al.](http://www.jmlr.org/proceedings/papers/v37/jozefowicz15.pdf)
        kernel_regularizer: Regularizer function applied to
            the `kernel` weights matrix
            (see [regularizer](../regularizers.md)).
        recurrent_regularizer: Regularizer function applied to
            the `recurrent_kernel` weights matrix
            (see [regularizer](../regularizers.md)).
        bias_regularizer: Regularizer function applied to the bias vector
            (see [regularizer](../regularizers.md)).
        activity_regularizer: Regularizer function applied to
            the output of the layer (its "activation").
            (see [regularizer](../regularizers.md)).
        kernel_constraint: Constraint function applied to
            the `kernel` weights matrix
            (see [constraints](../constraints.md)).
        recurrent_constraint: Constraint function applied to
            the `recurrent_kernel` weights matrix
            (see [constraints](../constraints.md)).
        bias_constraint: Constraint function applied to the bias vector
            (see [constraints](../constraints.md)).
        dropout: Float between 0 and 1.
            Fraction of the units to drop for
            the linear transformation of the inputs.
        recurrent_dropout: Float between 0 and 1.
            Fraction of the units to drop for
            the linear transformation of the recurrent state.

    # References
        - [Long short-term memory](http://www.bioinf.jku.at/publications/older/2604.pdf) (original 1997 paper)
        - [Learning to forget: Continual prediction with LSTM](http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/089976600300015015)
        - [Supervised sequence labeling with recurrent neural networks](http://www.cs.toronto.edu/~graves/preprint.pdf)
        - [A Theoretically Grounded Application of Dropout in Recurrent Neural Networks](http://arxiv.org/abs/1512.05287)
    """
    @interfaces.legacy_recurrent_support
    def __init__(self, units,
                 activation='tanh',
                 recurrent_activation='hard_sigmoid',
                 use_bias=True,
                 kernel_initializer='glorot_uniform',
                 recurrent_initializer='orthogonal',
                 bias_initializer='zeros',
                 unit_forget_bias=True,
                 kernel_regularizer=None,
                 recurrent_regularizer=None,
                 bias_regularizer=None,
                 activity_regularizer=None,
                 kernel_constraint=None,
                 recurrent_constraint=None,
                 bias_constraint=None,
                 dropout=0.,
                 recurrent_dropout=0.,
                 **kwargs):
        super(LSTM, self).__init__(**kwargs)
        self.units = units
        self.activation = activations.get(activation)
        self.recurrent_activation = activations.get(recurrent_activation)
        self.use_bias = use_bias

        self.kernel_initializer = initializers.get(kernel_initializer)
        self.recurrent_initializer = initializers.get(recurrent_initializer)
        self.bias_initializer = initializers.get(bias_initializer)
        self.unit_forget_bias = unit_forget_bias

        self.kernel_regularizer = regularizers.get(kernel_regularizer)
        self.recurrent_regularizer = regularizers.get(recurrent_regularizer)
        self.bias_regularizer = regularizers.get(bias_regularizer)
        self.activity_regularizer = regularizers.get(activity_regularizer)

        self.kernel_constraint = constraints.get(kernel_constraint)
        self.recurrent_constraint = constraints.get(recurrent_constraint)
        self.bias_constraint = constraints.get(bias_constraint)

        self.dropout = min(1., max(0., dropout))
        self.recurrent_dropout = min(1., max(0., recurrent_dropout))
        self.state_spec = [InputSpec(shape=(None, self.units)),
                           InputSpec(shape=(None, self.units))]

    def build(self, input_shape):
        if isinstance(input_shape, list):
            input_shape = input_shape[0]

        batch_size = input_shape[0] if self.stateful else None
        self.input_dim = input_shape[2]
        self.input_spec[0] = InputSpec(shape=(batch_size, None, self.input_dim))

        self.states = [None, None]
        if self.stateful:
            self.reset_states()

        self.kernel = self.add_weight(shape=(self.input_dim, self.units * 4),
                                      name='kernel',
                                      initializer=self.kernel_initializer,
                                      regularizer=self.kernel_regularizer,
                                      constraint=self.kernel_constraint)
        self.recurrent_kernel = self.add_weight(
            shape=(self.units, self.units * 4),
            name='recurrent_kernel',
            initializer=self.recurrent_initializer,
            regularizer=self.recurrent_regularizer,
            constraint=self.recurrent_constraint)

        if self.use_bias:
            if self.unit_forget_bias:
                def bias_initializer(shape, *args, **kwargs):
                    return K.concatenate([
                        self.bias_initializer((self.units,), *args, **kwargs),
                        initializers.Ones()((self.units,), *args, **kwargs),
                        self.bias_initializer((self.units * 2,), *args, **kwargs),
                    ])
            else:
                bias_initializer = self.bias_initializer
            self.bias = self.add_weight(shape=(self.units * 4,),
                                        name='bias',
                                        initializer=bias_initializer,
                                        regularizer=self.bias_regularizer,
                                        constraint=self.bias_constraint)
        else:
            self.bias = None

        self.kernel_i = self.kernel[:, :self.units]
        self.kernel_f = self.kernel[:, self.units: self.units * 2]
        self.kernel_c = self.kernel[:, self.units * 2: self.units * 3]
        self.kernel_o = self.kernel[:, self.units * 3:]

        self.recurrent_kernel_i = self.recurrent_kernel[:, :self.units]
        self.recurrent_kernel_f = self.recurrent_kernel[:, self.units: self.units * 2]
        self.recurrent_kernel_c = self.recurrent_kernel[:, self.units * 2: self.units * 3]
        self.recurrent_kernel_o = self.recurrent_kernel[:, self.units * 3:]

        if self.use_bias:
            self.bias_i = self.bias[:self.units]
            self.bias_f = self.bias[self.units: self.units * 2]
            self.bias_c = self.bias[self.units * 2: self.units * 3]
            self.bias_o = self.bias[self.units * 3:]
        else:
            self.bias_i = None
            self.bias_f = None
            self.bias_c = None
            self.bias_o = None
        self.built = True

    def preprocess_input(self, inputs, training=None):
        if self.implementation == 0:
            input_shape = K.int_shape(inputs)
            input_dim = input_shape[2]
            timesteps = input_shape[1]

            x_i = _time_distributed_dense(inputs, self.kernel_i, self.bias_i,
                                          self.dropout, input_dim, self.units,
                                          timesteps, training=training)
            x_f = _time_distributed_dense(inputs, self.kernel_f, self.bias_f,
                                          self.dropout, input_dim, self.units,
                                          timesteps, training=training)
            x_c = _time_distributed_dense(inputs, self.kernel_c, self.bias_c,
                                          self.dropout, input_dim, self.units,
                                          timesteps, training=training)
            x_o = _time_distributed_dense(inputs, self.kernel_o, self.bias_o,
                                          self.dropout, input_dim, self.units,
                                          timesteps, training=training)
            return K.concatenate([x_i, x_f, x_c, x_o], axis=2)
        else:
            return inputs

    def get_constants(self, inputs, training=None):
        constants = []
        if self.implementation != 0 and 0 < self.dropout < 1:
            input_shape = K.int_shape(inputs)
            input_dim = input_shape[-1]
            ones = K.ones_like(K.reshape(inputs[:, 0, 0], (-1, 1)))
            ones = K.tile(ones, (1, int(input_dim)))

            def dropped_inputs():
                return K.dropout(ones, self.dropout)

            dp_mask = [K.in_train_phase(dropped_inputs,
                                        ones,
                                        training=training) for _ in range(4)]
            constants.append(dp_mask)
        else:
            constants.append([K.cast_to_floatx(1.) for _ in range(4)])

        if 0 < self.recurrent_dropout < 1:
            ones = K.ones_like(K.reshape(inputs[:, 0, 0], (-1, 1)))
            ones = K.tile(ones, (1, self.units))

            def dropped_inputs():
                return K.dropout(ones, self.recurrent_dropout)
            rec_dp_mask = [K.in_train_phase(dropped_inputs,
                                            ones,
                                            training=training) for _ in range(4)]
            constants.append(rec_dp_mask)
        else:
            constants.append([K.cast_to_floatx(1.) for _ in range(4)])
        return constants

    def step(self, inputs, states):
        h_tm1 = states[0]
        c_tm1 = states[1]
        dp_mask = states[2]
        rec_dp_mask = states[3]

        if self.implementation == 2:
            z = K.dot(inputs * dp_mask[0], self.kernel)
            z += K.dot(h_tm1 * rec_dp_mask[0], self.recurrent_kernel)
            if self.use_bias:
                z = K.bias_add(z, self.bias)

            z0 = z[:, :self.units]
            z1 = z[:, self.units: 2 * self.units]
            z2 = z[:, 2 * self.units: 3 * self.units]
            z3 = z[:, 3 * self.units:]

            i = self.recurrent_activation(z0)
            f = self.recurrent_activation(z1)
            c = f * c_tm1 + i * self.activation(z2)
            o = self.recurrent_activation(z3)
        else:
            if self.implementation == 0:
                x_i = inputs[:, :self.units]
                x_f = inputs[:, self.units: 2 * self.units]
                x_c = inputs[:, 2 * self.units: 3 * self.units]
                x_o = inputs[:, 3 * self.units:]
            elif self.implementation == 1:
                x_i = K.dot(inputs * dp_mask[0], self.kernel_i) + self.bias_i
                x_f = K.dot(inputs * dp_mask[1], self.kernel_f) + self.bias_f
                x_c = K.dot(inputs * dp_mask[2], self.kernel_c) + self.bias_c
                x_o = K.dot(inputs * dp_mask[3], self.kernel_o) + self.bias_o
            else:
                raise ValueError('Unknown `implementation` mode.')

            i = self.recurrent_activation(x_i + K.dot(h_tm1 * rec_dp_mask[0],
                                                      self.recurrent_kernel_i))
            f = self.recurrent_activation(x_f + K.dot(h_tm1 * rec_dp_mask[1],
                                                      self.recurrent_kernel_f))
            c = f * c_tm1 + i * self.activation(x_c + K.dot(h_tm1 * rec_dp_mask[2],
                                                            self.recurrent_kernel_c))
            o = self.recurrent_activation(x_o + K.dot(h_tm1 * rec_dp_mask[3],
                                                      self.recurrent_kernel_o))
        h = o * self.activation(c)
        if 0 < self.dropout + self.recurrent_dropout:
            h._uses_learning_phase = True
        return h, [h, c]

    def get_config(self):
        config = {'units': self.units,
                  'activation': activations.serialize(self.activation),
                  'recurrent_activation': activations.serialize(self.recurrent_activation),
                  'use_bias': self.use_bias,
                  'kernel_initializer': initializers.serialize(self.kernel_initializer),
                  'recurrent_initializer': initializers.serialize(self.recurrent_initializer),
                  'bias_initializer': initializers.serialize(self.bias_initializer),
                  'unit_forget_bias': self.unit_forget_bias,
                  'kernel_regularizer': regularizers.serialize(self.kernel_regularizer),
                  'recurrent_regularizer': regularizers.serialize(self.recurrent_regularizer),
                  'bias_regularizer': regularizers.serialize(self.bias_regularizer),
                  'activity_regularizer': regularizers.serialize(self.activity_regularizer),
                  'kernel_constraint': constraints.serialize(self.kernel_constraint),
                  'recurrent_constraint': constraints.serialize(self.recurrent_constraint),
                  'bias_constraint': constraints.serialize(self.bias_constraint),
                  'dropout': self.dropout,
                  'recurrent_dropout': self.recurrent_dropout}
        base_config = super(LSTM, self).get_config()
        return dict(list(base_config.items()) + list(config.items()))
