cmm/CmmType.hs

    {-# LANGUAGE CPP #-}

    module CmmType
        ( CmmType   -- Abstract
        , b8, b16, b32, b64, b128, b256, b512, f32, f64, bWord, bHalfWord, gcWord
        , cInt
        , cmmBits, cmmFloat
        , typeWidth, cmmEqType, cmmEqType_ignoring_ptrhood
        , isFloatType, isGcPtrType, isWord32, isWord64, isFloat64, isFloat32

        , Width(..)
        , widthInBits, widthInBytes, widthInLog, widthFromBytes
        , wordWidth, halfWordWidth, cIntWidth
        , halfWordMask
        , narrowU, narrowS
        , rEP_CostCentreStack_mem_alloc
        , rEP_CostCentreStack_scc_count
        , rEP_StgEntCounter_allocs
        , rEP_StgEntCounter_allocd

        , ForeignHint(..)

        , Length
        , vec, vec2, vec4, vec8, vec16
        , vec2f64, vec2b64, vec4f32, vec4b32, vec8b16, vec16b8
        , cmmVec
        , vecLength, vecElemType
        , isVecType
       )
    where

    #include "HsVersions.h"

    import DynFlags
    import FastString
    import Outputable

    import Data.Word
    import Data.Int

    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
    --              CmmType
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

      -- NOTE: CmmType is an abstract type, not exported from this
      --       module so you can easily change its representation
      --
      -- However Width is exported in a concrete way,
      -- and is used extensively in pattern-matching

    data CmmType    -- The important one!
      = CmmType CmmCat Width

    data CmmCat                -- "Category" (not exported)
       = GcPtrCat              -- GC pointer
       | BitsCat               -- Non-pointer
       | FloatCat              -- Float
       | VecCat Length CmmCat  -- Vector
       deriving( Eq )
            -- See Note [Signed vs unsigned] at the end

    instance Outputable CmmType where
      ppr (CmmType cat wid) = ppr cat <> ppr (widthInBits wid)

    instance Outputable CmmCat where
      ppr FloatCat       = text "F"
      ppr GcPtrCat       = text "P"
      ppr BitsCat        = text "I"
      ppr (VecCat n cat) = ppr cat <> text "x" <> ppr n <> text "V"

    -- Why is CmmType stratified?  For native code generation,
    -- most of the time you just want to know what sort of register
    -- to put the thing in, and for this you need to know how
    -- many bits thing has and whether it goes in a floating-point
    -- register.  By contrast, the distinction between GcPtr and
    -- GcNonPtr is of interest to only a few parts of the code generator.

    -------- Equality on CmmType --------------
    -- CmmType is *not* an instance of Eq; sometimes we care about the
    -- Gc/NonGc distinction, and sometimes we don't
    -- So we use an explicit function to force you to think about it
    cmmEqType :: CmmType -> CmmType -> Bool -- Exact equality
    cmmEqType (CmmType c1 w1) (CmmType c2 w2) = c1==c2 && w1==w2

    cmmEqType_ignoring_ptrhood :: CmmType -> CmmType -> Bool
      -- This equality is temporary; used in CmmLint
      -- but the RTS files are not yet well-typed wrt pointers
    cmmEqType_ignoring_ptrhood (CmmType c1 w1) (CmmType c2 w2)
       = c1 `weak_eq` c2 && w1==w2
       where
         weak_eq :: CmmCat -> CmmCat -> Bool
         FloatCat         `weak_eq` FloatCat         = True
         FloatCat         `weak_eq` _other           = False
         _other           `weak_eq` FloatCat         = False
         (VecCat l1 cat1) `weak_eq` (VecCat l2 cat2) = l1 == l2
                                                       && cat1 `weak_eq` cat2
         (VecCat {})      `weak_eq` _other           = False
         _other           `weak_eq` (VecCat {})      = False
         _word1           `weak_eq` _word2           = True        -- Ignores GcPtr

    --- Simple operations on CmmType -----
    typeWidth :: CmmType -> Width
    typeWidth (CmmType _ w) = w

    cmmBits, cmmFloat :: Width -> CmmType
    cmmBits  = CmmType BitsCat
    cmmFloat = CmmType FloatCat

    -------- Common CmmTypes ------------
    -- Floats and words of specific widths
    b8, b16, b32, b64, b128, b256, b512, f32, f64 :: CmmType
    b8     = cmmBits W8
    b16    = cmmBits W16
    b32    = cmmBits W32
    b64    = cmmBits W64
    b128   = cmmBits W128
    b256   = cmmBits W256
    b512   = cmmBits W512
    f32    = cmmFloat W32
    f64    = cmmFloat W64

    -- CmmTypes of native word widths
    bWord :: DynFlags -> CmmType
    bWord dflags = cmmBits (wordWidth dflags)

    bHalfWord :: DynFlags -> CmmType
    bHalfWord dflags = cmmBits (halfWordWidth dflags)

    gcWord :: DynFlags -> CmmType
    gcWord dflags = CmmType GcPtrCat (wordWidth dflags)

    cInt :: DynFlags -> CmmType
    cInt dflags = cmmBits (cIntWidth  dflags)

    ------------ Predicates ----------------
    isFloatType, isGcPtrType :: CmmType -> Bool
    isFloatType (CmmType FloatCat    _) = True
    isFloatType _other                  = False

    isGcPtrType (CmmType GcPtrCat _) = True
    isGcPtrType _other               = False

    isWord32, isWord64, isFloat32, isFloat64 :: CmmType -> Bool
    -- isWord64 is true of 64-bit non-floats (both gc-ptrs and otherwise)
    -- isFloat32 and 64 are obvious

    isWord64 (CmmType BitsCat  W64) = True
    isWord64 (CmmType GcPtrCat W64) = True
    isWord64 _other                 = False

    isWord32 (CmmType BitsCat  W32) = True
    isWord32 (CmmType GcPtrCat W32) = True
    isWord32 _other                 = False

    isFloat32 (CmmType FloatCat W32) = True
    isFloat32 _other                 = False

    isFloat64 (CmmType FloatCat W64) = True
    isFloat64 _other                 = False

    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
    --              Width
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

    data Width   = W8 | W16 | W32 | W64
                 | W80      -- Extended double-precision float,
                            -- used in x86 native codegen only.
                            -- (we use Ord, so it'd better be in this order)
                 | W128
                 | W256
                 | W512
                 deriving (Eq, Ord, Show)

    instance Outputable Width where
       ppr rep = ptext (mrStr rep)

    mrStr :: Width -> LitString
    mrStr W8   = sLit("W8")
    mrStr W16  = sLit("W16")
    mrStr W32  = sLit("W32")
    mrStr W64  = sLit("W64")
    mrStr W128 = sLit("W128")
    mrStr W256 = sLit("W256")
    mrStr W512 = sLit("W512")
    mrStr W80  = sLit("W80")

    -------- Common Widths  ------------
    wordWidth :: DynFlags -> Width
    wordWidth dflags
     | wORD_SIZE dflags == 4 = W32
     | wORD_SIZE dflags == 8 = W64
     | otherwise             = panic "MachOp.wordRep: Unknown word size"

    halfWordWidth :: DynFlags -> Width
    halfWordWidth dflags
     | wORD_SIZE dflags == 4 = W16
     | wORD_SIZE dflags == 8 = W32
     | otherwise             = panic "MachOp.halfWordRep: Unknown word size"

    halfWordMask :: DynFlags -> Integer
    halfWordMask dflags
     | wORD_SIZE dflags == 4 = 0xFFFF
     | wORD_SIZE dflags == 8 = 0xFFFFFFFF
     | otherwise             = panic "MachOp.halfWordMask: Unknown word size"

    -- cIntRep is the Width for a C-language 'int'
    cIntWidth :: DynFlags -> Width
    cIntWidth dflags = case cINT_SIZE dflags of
                       4 -> W32
                       8 -> W64
                       s -> panic ("cIntWidth: Unknown cINT_SIZE: " ++ show s)

    widthInBits :: Width -> Int
    widthInBits W8   = 8
    widthInBits W16  = 16
    widthInBits W32  = 32
    widthInBits W64  = 64
    widthInBits W128 = 128
    widthInBits W256 = 256
    widthInBits W512 = 512
    widthInBits W80  = 80

    widthInBytes :: Width -> Int
    widthInBytes W8   = 1
    widthInBytes W16  = 2
    widthInBytes W32  = 4
    widthInBytes W64  = 8
    widthInBytes W128 = 16
    widthInBytes W256 = 32
    widthInBytes W512 = 64
    widthInBytes W80  = 10

    widthFromBytes :: Int -> Width
    widthFromBytes 1  = W8
    widthFromBytes 2  = W16
    widthFromBytes 4  = W32
    widthFromBytes 8  = W64
    widthFromBytes 16 = W128
    widthFromBytes 32 = W256
    widthFromBytes 64 = W512
    widthFromBytes 10 = W80
    widthFromBytes n  = pprPanic "no width for given number of bytes" (ppr n)

    -- log_2 of the width in bytes, useful for generating shifts.
    widthInLog :: Width -> Int
    widthInLog W8   = 0
    widthInLog W16  = 1
    widthInLog W32  = 2
    widthInLog W64  = 3
    widthInLog W128 = 4
    widthInLog W256 = 5
    widthInLog W512 = 6
    widthInLog W80  = panic "widthInLog: F80"

    -- widening / narrowing

    narrowU :: Width -> Integer -> Integer
    narrowU W8  x = fromIntegral (fromIntegral x :: Word8)
    narrowU W16 x = fromIntegral (fromIntegral x :: Word16)
    narrowU W32 x = fromIntegral (fromIntegral x :: Word32)
    narrowU W64 x = fromIntegral (fromIntegral x :: Word64)
    narrowU _ _ = panic "narrowTo"

    narrowS :: Width -> Integer -> Integer
    narrowS W8  x = fromIntegral (fromIntegral x :: Int8)
    narrowS W16 x = fromIntegral (fromIntegral x :: Int16)
    narrowS W32 x = fromIntegral (fromIntegral x :: Int32)
    narrowS W64 x = fromIntegral (fromIntegral x :: Int64)
    narrowS _ _ = panic "narrowTo"

    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
    --              SIMD
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

    type Length = Int

    vec :: Length -> CmmType -> CmmType
    vec l (CmmType cat w) = CmmType (VecCat l cat) vecw
      where
        vecw :: Width
        vecw = widthFromBytes (l*widthInBytes w)

    vec2, vec4, vec8, vec16 :: CmmType -> CmmType
    vec2  = vec 2
    vec4  = vec 4
    vec8  = vec 8
    vec16 = vec 16

    vec2f64, vec2b64, vec4f32, vec4b32, vec8b16, vec16b8 :: CmmType
    vec2f64 = vec 2 f64
    vec2b64 = vec 2 b64
    vec4f32 = vec 4 f32
    vec4b32 = vec 4 b32
    vec8b16 = vec 8 b16
    vec16b8 = vec 16 b8

    cmmVec :: Int -> CmmType -> CmmType
    cmmVec n (CmmType cat w) =
        CmmType (VecCat n cat) (widthFromBytes (n*widthInBytes w))

    vecLength :: CmmType -> Length
    vecLength (CmmType (VecCat l _) _) = l
    vecLength _                        = panic "vecLength: not a vector"

    vecElemType :: CmmType -> CmmType
    vecElemType (CmmType (VecCat l cat) w) = CmmType cat scalw
      where
        scalw :: Width
        scalw = widthFromBytes (widthInBytes w `div` l)
    vecElemType _ = panic "vecElemType: not a vector"

    isVecType :: CmmType -> Bool
    isVecType (CmmType (VecCat {}) _) = True
    isVecType _                       = False

    -------------------------------------------------------------------------
    -- Hints

    -- Hints are extra type information we attach to the arguments and
    -- results of a foreign call, where more type information is sometimes
    -- needed by the ABI to make the correct kind of call.

    data ForeignHint
      = NoHint | AddrHint | SignedHint
      deriving( Eq )
            -- Used to give extra per-argument or per-result
            -- information needed by foreign calling conventions

    -------------------------------------------------------------------------

    -- These don't really belong here, but I don't know where is best to
    -- put them.

    rEP_CostCentreStack_mem_alloc :: DynFlags -> CmmType
    rEP_CostCentreStack_mem_alloc dflags
        = cmmBits (widthFromBytes (pc_REP_CostCentreStack_mem_alloc pc))
        where pc = sPlatformConstants (settings dflags)

    rEP_CostCentreStack_scc_count :: DynFlags -> CmmType
    rEP_CostCentreStack_scc_count dflags
        = cmmBits (widthFromBytes (pc_REP_CostCentreStack_scc_count pc))
        where pc = sPlatformConstants (settings dflags)

    rEP_StgEntCounter_allocs :: DynFlags -> CmmType
    rEP_StgEntCounter_allocs dflags
        = cmmBits (widthFromBytes (pc_REP_StgEntCounter_allocs pc))
        where pc = sPlatformConstants (settings dflags)

    rEP_StgEntCounter_allocd :: DynFlags -> CmmType
    rEP_StgEntCounter_allocd dflags
        = cmmBits (widthFromBytes (pc_REP_StgEntCounter_allocd pc))
        where pc = sPlatformConstants (settings dflags)

    -------------------------------------------------------------------------
    {-      Note [Signed vs unsigned]
            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    Should a CmmType include a signed vs. unsigned distinction?

    This is very much like a "hint" in C-- terminology: it isn't necessary
    in order to generate correct code, but it might be useful in that the
    compiler can generate better code if it has access to higher-level
    hints about data.  This is important at call boundaries, because the
    definition of a function is not visible at all of its call sites, so
    the compiler cannot infer the hints.

    Here in Cmm, we're taking a slightly different approach.  We include
    the int vs. float hint in the CmmType, because (a) the majority of
    platforms have a strong distinction between float and int registers,
    and (b) we don't want to do any heavyweight hint-inference in the
    native code backend in order to get good code.  We're treating the
    hint more like a type: our Cmm is always completely consistent with
    respect to hints.  All coercions between float and int are explicit.

    What about the signed vs. unsigned hint?  This information might be
    useful if we want to keep sub-word-sized values in word-size
    registers, which we must do if we only have word-sized registers.

    On such a system, there are two straightforward conventions for
    representing sub-word-sized values:

    (a) Leave the upper bits undefined.  Comparison operations must
        sign- or zero-extend both operands before comparing them,
        depending on whether the comparison is signed or unsigned.

    (b) Always keep the values sign- or zero-extended as appropriate.
        Arithmetic operations must narrow the result to the appropriate
        size.

    A clever compiler might not use either (a) or (b) exclusively, instead
    it would attempt to minimize the coercions by analysis: the same kind
    of analysis that propagates hints around.  In Cmm we don't want to
    have to do this, so we plump for having richer types and keeping the
    type information consistent.

    If signed/unsigned hints are missing from CmmType, then the only
    choice we have is (a), because we don't know whether the result of an
    operation should be sign- or zero-extended.

    Many architectures have extending load operations, which work well
    with (b).  To make use of them with (a), you need to know whether the
    value is going to be sign- or zero-extended by an enclosing comparison
    (for example), which involves knowing above the context.  This is
    doable but more complex.

    Further complicating the issue is foreign calls: a foreign calling
    convention can specify that signed 8-bit quantities are passed as
    sign-extended 32 bit quantities, for example (this is the case on the
    PowerPC).  So we *do* need sign information on foreign call arguments.

    Pros for adding signed vs. unsigned to CmmType:

      - It would let us use convention (b) above, and get easier
        code generation for extending loads.

      - Less information required on foreign calls.

      - MachOp type would be simpler

    Cons:

      - More complexity

      - What is the CmmType for a VanillaReg?  Currently it is
        always wordRep, but now we have to decide whether it is
        signed or unsigned.  The same VanillaReg can thus have
        different CmmType in different parts of the program.

      - Extra coercions cluttering up expressions.

    Currently for GHC, the foreign call point is moot, because we do our
    own promotion of sub-word-sized values to word-sized values.  The Int8
    type is represented by an Int# which is kept sign-extended at all times
    (this is slightly naughty, because we're making assumptions about the
    C calling convention rather early on in the compiler).  However, given
    this, the cons outweigh the pros.

    -}